Academic Literature¶
Full academic references are provided in the references document.
Key papers cited in this analysis:
Stadium Economics¶
Noll (1974): Ticket demand elasticity -0.49
Scully (1989): Ticket demand elasticity -0.63 to -0.76
Krautmann & Berri (2007): Concessions elasticity, complementarity
Coates & Humphreys (2007): Joint ticket-concession optimization
Alcohol Externalities¶
Manning et al. (1991): External costs 1.19/drink (1986 dollars)
Carpenter & Dobkin (2015): Crime elasticities (assault, rape)
Rees & Schnepel (2009): Football games and crime
Lenk et al. (2010): Stadium alcohol policies
Tax Policy¶
Parry et al. (2009): Fiscal and externality rationales
Gruber & Köszegi (2001): Rational addiction
Cook & Moore (2000): Alcohol economics
Data Sources¶
Prices: Team Marketing Report, StubHub, industry sources (2025)
Taxes: TTB, NY Dept of Taxation, NYC Finance
Attendance: MLB official statistics
Consumption: Lenk et al. (2010) survey data